Insurance Designation Lookup https://validator.w3.org/feed/docs/rss2.html Home The Rise of Choice‑of‑Law Clauses The Rise of ADR Clauses in Insurance Contracts The Liability Crisis of The Late 1970s–Mid‑1980s The Rise of Surplus & Excess Lines Brokers Underwriters Report and the Pasini Era Smart’s Insurance Bulletin The Great Alaska Earthquake & Tsunami Hurricane Betsy (“Billion‑Dollar Betsy”) Creation of the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) San Fernando (Sylmar) Earthquake NEHRP (National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program) Whittier Narrows Earthquake Medicare & Medicaid Truman’s National Health Insurance Proposal Loma Prieta Earthquake Employer Health‑Benefit Tax Exclusion CERCLA / Superfund Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) The UST Crisis and the Birth of Environmental Impairment Liability (EIL) EPA & the Clean Air Act Absolute Pollution Exclusion (CGL) Modern Environmental Liability Market Forms 1940s–1950s – NAIC Model Laws Modernization 1900s-1950s – NAIC Model Laws Modernization NAIC Accreditation Program A.M. Best and the Rise of Insurance Financial‑Strength Ratings The Oil Crisis and the Inflation Shock to the Insurance Industry Berkshire Hathaway Acquires National Indemnity: Buffett Enters Insurance Berkshire Hathaway Acquires General Re: The Rise of a Global Insurance Powerhouse Three Mile Island: The Nuclear Accident That Redefined Catastrophic Risk Insurance Journal Becomes the Dominant U.S. P&C Trade Publication 1980s–1990s — COMPLINE, Workers’ Comp Executive, and the Birth of California Workers’ Comp Data Intelligence NAIC Model Laws Expansion & Harmonization Expansion of Directors & Officers (D&O) Liability Insurance Rise of Specialized Professional Liability Brokers and Underwriters Federal Legislation Creates Risk Retention Groups (RRGs) The Rise of Captives and the Modern Self‑Insurance Movement 1974–1976 — The Mid‑1970s Liability Crisis and the Product‑Liability Explosion Vermont’s Special Insurer Act and the Rise of the U.S. Captive Domicile The Rise of Public‑Entity Risk Pools Association‑Sponsored Liability Programs The Evolution of Claims‑Made Liability Forms Offshore Captive Domiciles: Bermuda, Cayman, Guernsey Environmental Impairment Liability (EIL): The First Modern Pollution‑Liability Architecture 1980s — ISU and the Birth (and Stillbirth) of Insurance Agency Franchising The Birth of Catastrophe Modeling (AIR, RMS, EQE) The Creation of the California Earthquake Authority (CEA) Chernobyl: The Nuclear Disaster That Rewrote Global Risk, Liability, and Catastrophe Modeling AIR Worldwide and the Birth of Commercial Catastrophe Modeling